What is gravity?
Do we really know what is gravity and how it practically works?
Do we understand the origin of gravity?
What are the force carrier particles of gravity?
How gravity really works in black hole?
Is Einstein's description of theory in general theory of relativity true?
These are some questions about gravity which we are going to discuss in this chapter.
To understand gravity we must understand the origin of all other three forces (i.e strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force, electromagnetic force) and how matters are produced in quantum level and how these forces work in quantum level.
Every particles in this universe are divided into two categories: 1.Fermions 2.Bosons
Fermions are responsible for the formation of every matter in this universe. Fermions also contain two types of particles 1.Quarks 2.Leptons Quarks are of six types 1.up (u) 2.down (d) 3.charm(c) 4.strange(s) 5.top(t) 6.bottom(b) Quarks are very unstable particles due to which they come together to form new particles which are known as hadrons. Hadrons are also divided into two types 1.Baryons 2.Mesons Baryons are formed by the combination of three quarks. Protons and neutrons are formed by the combination of two quarks(i.e. up and down). Protons are formed by the combination of two up and one down quarks whereas neutrons are formed by the combination of two down and one up quarks. Mesons are formed by the combination of one Quark and one Anti-Quark (kaon, pion, etc.). The combination of other four types of quarks gives rise to other different types of particles. Leptons are not formed by the quarks because they are stable particles. Leptons are also of six types: 1.electron neutrino(ve) 2.electron(e-) 3.muon neutrino(vu) 4.muon(u) 5.tau neutrino(vt) 6.tau(T). In the above classification of both quarks and Leptons numbers: 1&2-Family I, 3&4-Family II, 5&6-Family III. Like electrons, leptons also have anti particles. Here, fermions do not contribute to the working, construction and formation of forces.
Boson particles are responsible for the formation of some forces. Bosons are of four types 1.Photons 2.W/Z Boson 3.Gluons 4.Gravitons* The formation of electromagnetic force is due to photon particles. Electromagnetic force can't be generated without photons. The W/Z Boson particles are responsible for the formation of Weak nuclear force. Due to weak nuclear force, beta decay occurs and anti-neutrino is formed. This force converts protons into neutrons by releasing some amount of radiation. Gluon particles are responsible for the formation of strong nuclear force. This type of force is very much strong approximately 1000 times stronger than 2nd strongest force(i.e. weak nuclear force). This force is so much strong that this force can hold protons which are positively charged and neutrons which are neutral together in one nucleus.
Besides all this, the particle which is responsible for gravitational force is not discovered. We gave one hypothetical name for this particle (i.e. gravitons). In so called black hole formation we assumed that the range of gravitational force is infinite which is not possible because for this to happen the mass of that object should be zero which is again one impossible loop. This force is the weakest of all forces. This force is 1 trillion times weaker than weak nuclear force. The reason for so much amount of weakness can be explained with the help of string theory. According to string theory, quarks and electrons are attached to only one dimension because which the quarks and electrons strings cannot move in other dimensions and hence we can detect them. Gravitons are closed strings and they are not attached to any membrane due to which they keep on travelling from one dimension to another dimension. Due to this we can't easily detect them. But in Large Hadron Collider if we create enormous amount of energy at that point of second when the graviton strings are in our dimension we could know some practical properties of gravitational force.
By studying force from Big-Bang till now we came to know the combination different forces. When the Big-Bang occured all the forces were unified. Because the origin of gravitational force is not discovered we assume that after big-bang gravitational force was divided and after that strong nuclear force got divided. After that electroweak force was the 3rd existing force & and after certain time we discovered that the electroweak force gave birth to electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force.
How Einstein's gravitational force description can be related to the above formation of force and black hole will be explained in the next chapter...
No comments:
Post a Comment